Description

Pinealon

Synthetic bioactive tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) for in vitro research on neuroprotection, neuronal gene expression regulation, cognitive pathway modulation, and suppression of apoptosis

Overview & Mechanism of Action (In Vitro)

Pinealon is a synthetic ultra-short peptide (tripeptide) composed of three amino acids with the sequence (Glu-Asp-Arg / EDR), originally designed based on bioactive peptide extracts from brain tissue and the pineal gland. It is characterized by high bioavailability, direct cellular and nuclear membrane permeability, and site-specific interactions with DNA. In molecular neurobiology, biogerontology, and neuropharmacology, it serves as a primary model for investigating neuronal stability and epigenetic regulation in the CNS:

• Direct Epigenetic Interaction with DNA: Site-specific binding to nucleotide sequences in the major and minor grooves of DNA in neuronal nuclei, inducing chromatin decondensation and modulating neurospecific gene expression programs.
• Suppression of Neuronal Apoptosis & Oxidative Stress: Downregulation of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax, maintenance of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression, and inhibition of caspase-3 activation under hypoxic and excitotoxic stress conditions.
• Upregulation of Neurotrophic Factors & Synaptogenesis: Stimulation of neurotrophin expression (including BDNF and NGF) and preservation of essential synaptic scaffold proteins (synaptophysin, PSD-95) supporting synaptic plasticity in vitro.
• Mitochondrial Protection & Bioenergetics: Preservation of inner mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and cellular ATP generation in cortical neurons and glial cells challenged with reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Technical & Chemical Specifications

• Classification: Research Tripeptide / Neuroprotective & Epigenetic Regulator
• Amino Acid Sequence: Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR)
• Form: Sterile lyophilized white powder (cake)
• Component Identification: Verified via Mass Spectrometry (MS) and analytical HPLC
• Recommended Reconstitution Solvent: Sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)
• Storage Conditions: Store long-term at -20 °C in a dry, dark environment. Following reconstitution, keep refrigerated at 2–8 °C in accordance with standard laboratory protocols.

Scientific References & Literature

• Khavinson, V. K., et al. Peptides regulate gene expression in human cortical neuronal cultures during aging and neurodegeneration. Neurochemistry International, 2017.
• Khavinson, V. K., et al. Pinealon protects neurons against oxidative stress and modulates caspase cascades in experimental models. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2011.
• Korkushko, O. V., et al. Peptide geroprotectors from brain tissue and pineal gland: Modulation of cognitive functions and neuroprotection. Biogerontology, 2014.
• Menzikov, S. A., et al. Protective effect of the tripeptide Glu-Asp-Arg (Pinealon) on cell survival and mitochondrial potential during simulated ischemic stress. Cell Tissue Biology, 2016.

Legal Disclaimer & Terms of Purchase

This product is classified and supplied strictly for laboratory, scientific, and in vitro research purposes only (Research Use Only – RUO). This compound is not a drug, medicine, dietary supplement, cosmetic product, or substance intended for human or veterinary consumption, direct administration, injection, or diagnostic procedures.

By placing an order, the purchaser explicitly confirms that they are at least 18 years of age, possess the requisite professional qualifications and laboratory equipment to safely handle research materials, and are fully conversant with all relevant safety protocols for managing research substances. The seller assumes no liability for any use contrary to these terms.