Description

KPV – Research Capsules for Laboratory Purposes (200 mcg / capsule, 60 count)

Synthetic biomimetic tripeptide C-terminal fragment of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH 11–13) in a solid analytical matrix for in vitro research on NF-κB transcription factor modulation, pro-inflammatory cytokine regulation, epithelial barrier integrity, and antimicrobial mechanisms

Overview & Mechanism of Action (In Vitro)

KPV (Lys-Pro-Val / Lysine-Proline-Valine) is a synthetic bioactive tripeptide corresponding to the C-terminal sequence of endogenous α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH 11–13). In cellular immunology, molecular gastroenterology, and dermatological research, it serves as a primary reference standard for investigating anti-inflammatory and microbicidal signaling cascades without inducing melanogenesis (it does not activate the canonical melanocortin 1 receptor, MC1R):

• Inhibition of NF-κB Nuclear Translocation: Blocks the phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation of I$kappaBalpha$, preventing the nuclear translocation of p65/p50 NF-κB subunits in primary macrophages and epithelial cell lines stimulated by LPS or TNF-α.
• Downregulation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines In Vitro: Suppresses the gene expression and secretion of interleukin-1$beta$ (IL-1$beta$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), TNF-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cellular inflammation assays.
• Preservation & Restoration of Epithelial Barrier Integrity: Enhances the expression and assembly of tight junction proteins (Zonula Occludens-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1) in intestinal and dermal epithelial models (e.g., Caco-2 cell lines), reducing paracellular permeability in vitro.
• Direct Antimicrobial & Membrane Interactions: Exhibits direct microbicidal activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative pathogens, and opportunistic fungi (such as Candida albicans) via membrane destabilization and cellular uptake mediated by the oligopeptide transporter PepT1.

Technical & Chemical Specifications

• Classification: Synthetic C-Terminal α-MSH (11–13) Tripeptide / Immunoregulatory Standard in Solid Matrix (RUO)
• Amino Acid Sequence: Lys-Pro-Val (H-Lys-Pro-Val-OH)
• Chemical Name: L-lysyl-L-prolyl-L-valine
• Molecular Formula: C16H31N4O4+ (free cation) / C16H30N4O4 (free base)
• Molecular Weight: 342.44 g/mol
• Active Content: 200 mcg (0.2 mg) per capsule (±2%)
• Packaging Unit: 60 research capsules in a laboratory container with integrated desiccant
• Form: Solid reagent matrix / encapsulated standard
• Component Identification: Verified via Analytical HPLC and Mass Spectrometry (MS)
• Recommended Reconstitution Protocol: Capsule contents are intended for dissolution in sterile laboratory buffers (e.g., sterile PBS pH 7.2–7.4) or sterile deionized water to prepare calibrated working solutions for in vitro cell culture assays.
• Storage Conditions: Store at 15–25 °C in a dry, dark environment in the tightly sealed original container with desiccant. For long-term archiving of analytical standards, storage at -20 °C is recommended.

Scientific References & Literature

• Luger, T. A., et al. The alpha-MSH-related tripeptide KPV attenuates cellular inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2003.
• Dalmasso, G., et al. PepT1-mediated transport of the anti-inflammatory tripeptide KPV in intestinal epithelial cells and attenuation of inflammatory signaling. Gastroenterology, 2008.
• Cutuli, M., et al. Antimicrobial effects of alpha-MSH and its C-terminal tripeptide (11-13) KPV against pathogenic fungi and bacteria in vitro. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 2000.
• Brzoska, T., et al. Molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory action of the C-terminal tripeptide KPV: In vitro inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. Endocrine Reviews, 2008.

Legal Disclaimer & Terms of Purchase

This product is classified and supplied strictly for laboratory, scientific, and in vitro research purposes only (Research Use Only – RUO). Neither the compound nor the capsule matrix is a drug, medicine, dietary supplement, cosmetic product, or substance intended for human or veterinary consumption, oral ingestion, direct administration, injection, or diagnostic procedures.

By placing an order, the purchaser explicitly confirms that they are at least 18 years of age, possess the requisite professional qualifications and laboratory equipment to safely handle research materials, and are fully conversant with all relevant safety protocols for managing research substances. The seller assumes no liability for any use contrary to these terms.