Description

AOD-9604

Synthetic C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone (hGH 177–191) with a disulfide bridge for in vitro research on lipolysis stimulation, lipogenesis inhibition, and chondrogenesis

Overview & Mechanism of Action (In Vitro)

AOD-9604 is a synthetic modified 16-amino acid peptide with the sequence (Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe), stabilized by an intramolecular disulfide bond between Cys7 and Cys14. It represents the C-terminal lipolytic domain of human growth hormone (hGH), supplemented with an N-terminal tyrosine to enhance structural stability. In biochemical, metabolic, and musculoskeletal research, it serves as a specialized model for examining lipid metabolism without affecting glycemic pathways:

• Stimulation of Lipolytic Cascades in Adipocytes: Upregulation of β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) signaling pathways and enhancement of intracellular triglyceride hydrolysis into free fatty acids and glycerol in isolated adipocyte models, bypassing classical growth hormone receptor (GHR) proliferative pathways.
• Inhibition of Lipogenesis: Investigating molecular pathways that suppress lipid accumulation and inhibit the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes in vitro.
• Absence of IGF-1 Induction & Glycemic Neutrality: Selective action on adipose pathways without inducing insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) release in hepatic cell lines and without impairing insulin sensitivity.
• Chondrogenic & Cartilage Repair Signaling: Assessment of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into chondrocytes and stimulation of proteoglycan biosynthesis in articular cartilage models.

Technical & Chemical Specifications

• Classification: Research Peptide / Lipolytic hGH Fragment (177–191)
• Amino Acid Sequence: Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe (Cys7–Cys14 disulfide bridge)
• Form: Sterile lyophilized white powder (cake)
• Component Identification: Verified via Mass Spectrometry (MS) and analytical HPLC
• Storage Conditions: Store long-term at -20 °C in a dry, dark environment. Following proper reconstitution, keep refrigerated at 2–8 °C and utilize within standard experimental protocol timelines.

CRITICAL RECONSTITUTION NOTICE (Strong Hydrophobicity)

AOD-9604 is a highly hydrophobic peptide containing an internal disulfide bridge. It displays unique physicochemical properties that will cause irreversible aggregation if improper reconstitution procedures are followed:

• Physical Signs of Improper Reconstitution: Rapid solvent injection, direct stream onto the lyophilized cake, incorrect solvent pH, or mechanical agitation (shaking) induces severe hydrophobic aggregation. The solution will immediately develop insoluble dense gels, floating white flakes (flocculation), precipitates, or a milky cloudiness. This transformation is physically irreversible, and the peptide loses its active biological properties.
• Recommended Handling Protocol: The reconstituting solvent (sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile water for injection) must be introduced very slowly along the inner glass wall of the vial. NEVER SHAKE OR VORTEX THE VIAL. Mix exclusively via gentle, slow circular swirling and allow the vial to dissolve spontaneously in refrigerated conditions for 10–20 minutes.
• WARRANTY & RETURN POLICY NOTICE: Cloudiness, gel formation, flaking, or precipitation is strictly the result of incorrect laboratory reconstitution technique and mechanical/thermal aggregation of this hydrophobic peptide. The formation of a gel, precipitates, or suspended flakes post-dilution DOES NOT constitute a product defect, and warranty or refund claims based on these occurrences WILL BE REJECTED.

Scientific References & Literature

• Ng, F. M., et al. Development of a metabolic regulating peptide (AOD9604) for obesity treatment. Journal of Endocrinology, 2000.
• Heffernan, M., et al. The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism in cellular and animal models. Endocrinology, 2001.
• Kwon, D. R., & Park, G. Y. Effect of intra-articular injection of AOD9604 with or without hyaluronic acid in rabbit models of collagenase-induced osteoarthritis. Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science, 2015.
• Stier, H., et al. Safety and tolerability of the hexadecapeptide AOD9604 in human and in vitro models: A review. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2013.

Legal Disclaimer & Terms of Purchase

This product is classified and supplied strictly for laboratory, scientific, and in vitro research purposes only (Research Use Only – RUO). This compound is not a drug, medicine, dietary supplement, cosmetic product, or substance intended for human or veterinary consumption, direct administration, injection, or diagnostic procedures.

By placing an order, the purchaser explicitly confirms that they are at least 18 years of age, possess the requisite professional qualifications and laboratory equipment to safely handle research materials, and are fully conversant with all relevant safety protocols for managing research substances. The seller assumes no liability for any use contrary to these terms.