Description

GHK-Cu

Synthetic copper tripeptide chelate complex for in vitro research on gene expression, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and cytoprotection

Overview & Mechanism of Action (In Vitro)

GHK-Cu (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine in chelate complex with Cu2+ copper ion) is a synthetic bioactive tripeptide complex with the sequence (Gly-His-Lys·Cu2+), naturally identified in human plasma, saliva, and urine. In biochemical, dermatological, and tissue engineering research, it serves as a reference modulator of gene expression and extracellular matrix repair mechanisms:

• Modulation of Gene Expression & Tissue Remodeling: Regulates the expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and degradation — upregulating collagen, elastin, and proteoglycan pathways while balancing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs).
• Stimulation of Collagen & Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis: Quantifiable increase in the production of type I and III collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in primary dermal fibroblast cultures.
• Promotion of Angiogenesis & Endothelial Proliferation: Upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) secretion, facilitating the formation of capillary-like networks in vitro.
• Antioxidant & Anti-Inflammatory Enzymatic Signaling: Attenuation of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6), scavenging of free radicals, and enhancement of intracellular antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD).

Technical & Chemical Specifications

• Classification: Research Peptide / Copper Peptide Chelate
• Amino Acid Sequence: Gly-His-Lys (chelated with Cu2+)
• Form: Sterile lyophilized deep blue powder (cake)
• Identification: Verified via Mass Spectrometry (MS) and analytical HPLC
• Recommended Reconstitution Solvent: Sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile deionized laboratory water (IMPORTANT NOTICE: Never use phosphate buffers such as PBS or solutions containing free phosphate ions due to the risk of insoluble copper phosphate precipitation and inactivation of the bioactive complex).
• Storage Conditions: Store long-term at -20 °C in a dry, dark environment. Following reconstitution, keep refrigerated at 2–8 °C and utilize within standard experimental protocol timelines.

Scientific References & Literature

• Pickart, L., et al. Regenerative and protective actions of the GHK-Cu peptide in light of the new gene data. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2018.
• Pickart, L., & Margolina, A. The human tripeptide GHK-Cu in prevention of oxidative stress and tissue remodeling: In vitro and clinical implications. BioMed Research International, 2018.
• Maquart, F. X., et al. Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+. FEBS Letters, 1988.
• Siméon, A., et al. Expression of glycosaminoglycans and small proteoglycans in skin fibroblasts stimulated by GHK-Cu. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2000.

Legal Disclaimer & Terms of Purchase

This product is classified and supplied strictly for laboratory, scientific, and in vitro research purposes only (Research Use Only – RUO). This compound is not a drug, medicine, dietary supplement, cosmetic product, or substance intended for human or veterinary consumption, direct administration, injection, or diagnostic procedures.

By placing an order, the purchaser explicitly confirms that they are at least 18 years of age, possess the requisite professional qualifications and laboratory equipment to safely handle research materials, and are fully conversant with all relevant safety protocols for managing research substances. The seller assumes no liability for any use contrary to these terms.