Description

SS-31

Synthetic mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide (elamipretide) for in vitro research on cardiolipin stabilization, electron transport chain optimization, mitochondrial ROS reduction, and ATP synthesis

Overview & Mechanism of Action (In Vitro)

SS-31 (also known as Elamipretide or Bendavia) is a synthetic tetrapeptide with an alternating aromatic-cationic sequence (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2), where Dmt represents 2′,6′-dimethyltyrosine. It possesses the unique capability to freely penetrate cellular and outer mitochondrial membranes independent of mitochondrial membrane potential. In mitochondrial biology, cellular bioenergetics, and aging research, it serves as a primary reference model for studying the structural integrity of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM):

• Selective Cardiolipin Binding & Cristae Stabilization: Specific electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane, preventing pathological cardiolipin peroxidation and stabilizing mitochondrial cristae curvature.
• Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Optimization: Facilitates the assembly and structural stability of respiratory supercomplexes (complexes I, III, and IV) and optimizes electron flux via cytochrome c.
• Reduction of Mitochondrial ROS Production: Substantially reduces electron leakage and superoxide generation directly at the primary site of origin without quenching physiological redox signaling cascades.
• Restoration of ATP Production & mPTP Inhibition: Preserves mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), enhances oxidative phosphorylation efficiency, and inhibits the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in cellular stress and hypoxia/reperfusion models.

Technical & Chemical Specifications

• Classification: Research Peptide / Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant & Cristae Stabilizer
• Amino Acid Sequence: D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 (Dmt = 2′,6′-dimethyl-L-tyrosine)
• Form: Sterile lyophilized white powder (cake)
• Component Identification: Verified via Mass Spectrometry (MS) and analytical HPLC
• Recommended Reconstitution Solvent: Sterile bacteriostatic water or sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)
• Storage Conditions: Store long-term at -20 °C in a dry, dark environment. Following reconstitution, keep refrigerated at 2–8 °C in accordance with standard laboratory protocols.

Scientific References & Literature

• Szeto, H. H. First-in-class cardiolipin-protective compound as a therapeutic strategy to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics. British Journal of Pharmacology, 2014.
• Birk, A. V., et al. The mitochondrial-targeted peptide SS-31 protects cardiolipin and restores bioenergetics in cellular stress models. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2013.
• Dai, D. F., et al. Mitochondrial targeted antioxidant peptide SS-31 prevents oxidative stress and improves cardiac function in aged mice. Aging Cell, 2014.
• Siegel, M. P., et al. Mitochondria-targeted peptide reverses mitochondrial dysfunction and enhances muscle bioenergetics. Cell Metabolism, 2013.

Legal Disclaimer & Terms of Purchase

This product is classified and supplied strictly for laboratory, scientific, and in vitro research purposes only (Research Use Only – RUO). This compound is not a drug, medicine, dietary supplement, cosmetic product, or substance intended for human or veterinary consumption, direct administration, injection, or diagnostic procedures.

By placing an order, the purchaser explicitly confirms that they are at least 18 years of age, possess the requisite professional qualifications and laboratory equipment to safely handle research materials, and are fully conversant with all relevant safety protocols for managing research substances. The seller assumes no liability for any use contrary to these terms.